Automotive climate and engine cooling components specialist Nissens has issued some useful guidance on the effects of new European environmental legislation which impacts on air con refrigerants.

Michael Ingvardsen, Technical Training Manager at Nissens Automotive explains that from January 1, 2018 the new rules mean that car manufacturers must use R1234yf gas in their a/c systems. This has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is around a tenth of the old R134a gas, meaning it is far less damaging to the ozone layer, something that is vital as more and more cars now have a/c systems.

Michael says, "The GWP value of R1234yf is at 4, which is well below the absolute maximum value of 150. This means that it breaks down much faster in the atmosphere, thus not destroying the ozone layer. Unfortunately, there is a slight drawback in that the R1234yf, as opposed to R134a, is more flammable and also runs at a higher pressure and at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, the EU decided that the risk that a car might catch fire in a possible collision due to the refrigerant was so small that it approved R1234yf in 2008.”

Despite approval ten years ago, it has taken some time for R1234yf to impact on the market. Gas stocks had to be built up and field tested and new tools, machinery and labelling had to be put in place which all took time. However, the change is now starting to take effect.

Michael comments, "Today, car manufactures can only legally use R1234yf or CO2 in newly produced vehicles. The new rules mean that you must not use R1234yf in products that are not approved for it. You cannot replace the oil and pour the new refrigerant into a Nissens product that is not approved for its use. If you need to fill R1234yf in a new compressor today, it is very important to make sure that the oil contained in the compressor is compatible with the refrigerant.”

Michael adds, "Even though the R1234yf works with a little higher pressure, you can easily use existing components. For example, if you have a compressor from 2000 you can still use it. You just have to be sure that the oil and the refrigerant fit together. Specifically, it is also necessary to use special Double End Capped PAG oil for R1234yf compressors.”

Michael also points out that R1234yf is flammable. This means a workshop must have a different EU approval on the electrical system of the AC and therefore cannot use the same equipment as was used for R134a. It is also vital not to mix R134a and R1234yf and to remember that R1234yf is flammable and must be stored in accordance with applicable regulations regarding flammable gases.